There have been a number of studies and arguments devoted to this very subject and it appears there still isn’t a clear answer. The debate continues with the question whether cloth napkins actually waste more energy and produce larger amounts of greenhouse gases in their production and maintenance than paper napkins?

Cloth napkins not only use water in washing and a lot of energy in drying but the making of them is also significant. A paper napkin causes 10 grams of greenhouse gas emissions and uses 0.3 liters of water while the linen napkin causes 112 grams of greenhouse gas emissions and uses 22 liters of water, according to Greenhouse Gas and Sustainability Engineer Pablo Paster.
Other considerations are the washing and drying of the napkins. In the act of washing each napkin produces about 5 grams of greenhouse gas emissions through the electricity used by the motor, and 1/4 liter of water. Drying napkins causes about 10 grams of greenhouse gas emissions per napkin. Of course, to reduce this to zero you could line dry. One of the advantages of the paper napkin is, of course, that you don’t incur the emissions or water use from washing and drying.
The main benefit to using linen napkins is the fact they can be used multiple times. Chances are that a set of napkins can be used 50 times before it’s not suitable for your wedding table. When you divide the emissions and water use by the amount of actual times used, the numbers are more confusing.
Let’s crunch some numbers over 50 uses of each napkin type.
Single use paper napkins = 500 grams of greenhouse gas
Linen napkin washed and dried 50 times = 862 grams of greenhouse gas
Linen napkin washed and line dried 50 times= 362 grams of greenhouse gas
It appears that all we need to do is find someone who wants to line dry 200 napkins every week!
Of course we need to wash the linens after every use for a wedding, but when you use linens at home you wash them once a week or so. You’ll most likely add them to an existing load of laundry thus not increasing the greenhouse gases in direct relation to the napkin.
Other factors contributing to the endless debate include the plastic packaging of paper napkins, harmful chemicals used to beach paper napkins, the transportation needed to get the napkins from producer to consumer, disposing of paper napkins after a single use, etc. These issues are so variable and event dependant that no solid and substantial conclusion can be proven.
If nothing more, use linen napkins at home. Chances are they will last you a number of years and help reduce your family’s carbon footprint. I recommend using linen napkins for your wedding because of the chemical and disposal issues of paper napkins. We’ll save the biodegradable debate for another day.